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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Fåhræus–Lindqvist effect ： ウィキペディア英語版 Fåhræus–Lindqvist effect :''Should not be confused with "Fåhræus effect"'' The Fåhræus–Lindqvist effect 〔()〕 is an effect where the viscosity of a fluid, in this case blood, changes with the diameter of the tube it travels through; in particular there's a decrease of viscosity as the tube's diameter decreases (only if the vessel diameter is between 10 and 300 micrometers). This is because erythrocytes move over the center of the vessel, leaving plasma at the wall of the vessel. == History == The effect was first reported by Martini ''et al.'' in 1930.〔Martini P, Pierach A, Scheryer E. Die Strömung des Blutes in engen Gefäβen. Eine Abweichung vom Poiseuille'schen Gesetz. Deutsches Archiv für klinische Medizin 1930;169:212–222.〕 Shortly after, in 1931, it was reported independently by the Swedish scientists Robin Fåhræus and Torsten Lindqvist, after whom the effect is commonly named. Robert (Robin) Sanno Fåhræus was a Swedish pathologist and hematologist, born on October 15, 1888, in Stockholm. He died on September 18, 1968, in Uppsala, Sweden. Johan Torsten Lindqvist is a Swedish physician, who was born in 1906 and died in 2007. Fåhræus and Lindqvist published their article in the American Journal of Physiology in 1931 describing the effect. Their study represented an important advance in the understanding of hemodynamics which had widespread implications for the study of human physiology. They forced blood through fine glass capillary tubes connecting two reservoirs. Capillary diameters were less than 250 μm, and experiments were conducted at sufficiently high shear rates (≥100 1/s) so that a similar flow in a large tube would be effectively Newtonian. After correcting for entrance effects, they presented their data in terms of an effective viscosity, derived from fitting measured pressure drop and volume flow rate to Hagen–Poiseuille equation for a tube of radius ''R'' :$\backslash \; Q\; =\; \backslash frac$ where: :$Q$ is the volumetric flow rate :$\backslash Delta\; P$ is the pressure drop across the capillary :$L$ is the length of capillary :$\backslash mu\_$ is the effective viscosity :$R$ is the radius :$\backslash pi$ is the mathematical constant Although Hagen–Poiseuille equation is only valid for a Newtonian fluid, fitting experimental data to this equation provides a convenient method of characterizing flow resistance by a single number, namely $\backslash mu\_$. In general, $\backslash mu\_$ will depend on the fluid being tested, the capillary diameter, and the flow rate (or pressure drop). However, for a given fluid and a fixed pressure drop, data can be compared between capillaries of differing diameter. Fahraeus and Lindqvist noticed two unusual features of their data. First, $\backslash mu\_$ decreased with decreasing capillary radius, ''R''. This decrease was most pronounced for capillary diameters < 0.5mm. Second, the tube hematocrit (i.e., the average hematocrit in the capillary) was always less than the hematocrit in the feed reservoir. The ratio of these two hematocrits, the tube relative hematocrit, $H\_$,is defined as :$\backslash mathrm\; \backslash over\; \backslash mbox\}$ 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fåhræus–Lindqvist effect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.